keystone #14

Supports: xenial bionic eoan focal trusty
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Description

Keystone is an OpenStack project that provides Identity, Token, Catalog and Policy services for use specifically by projects in the OpenStack family. It implements OpenStack's Identity API.

Overview

This charm provides Keystone, the OpenStack identity service. Its target platform is (ideally) Ubuntu LTS + OpenStack.

Usage

The following interfaces are provided:

  • nrpe-external-master: Used to generate Nagios checks.

  • identity-service: OpenStack API endpoints request an entry in the Keystone service catalog + endpoint template catalog. When a relation is established, Keystone receives: service_name, region, public_url, admin_url and internal_url. It first checks that the requested service is listed as a supported service. This list should stay updated to support current OpenStack core services. If the service is supported, an entry in the service catalog is created, an endpoint template is created and an admin token is generated. The other end of the relation receives the token as well as info on which ports Keystone is listening on.

  • keystone-service: This is currently only used by Horizon/dashboard as its interaction with Keystone is different from other OpenStack API services. That is, Horizon requests a Keystone role and token exists. During a relation, Horizon requests its configured default role and Keystone responds with a token and the auth + admin ports on which Keystone is listening.

  • identity-admin: Charms use this relation to obtain the credentials for the admin user. This is intended for charms that automatically provision users, tenants, etc. or that otherwise automate using the OpenStack cluster deployment.

  • identity-notifications: Used to broadcast messages to any services listening on the interface.

  • identity-credentials: Charms use this relation to obtain Keystone credentials without creating a service catalog entry. Set 'username' only on the relation and Keystone will set defaults and return authentication details. Possible relation settings:

  • username Username to be created.
  • project Project (tenant) name to be created. Defaults to services project.
  • requested_roles Comma delimited list of roles to be created.
  • requested_grants Comma delimited list of roles to be granted. Defaults to Admin role.
  • domain Keystone v3 domain the user will be created in. Defaults to the Default domain.

Database

Keystone requires a database. The charm supports relation to a shared database server through the mysql-shared interface. When a new data store is configured, the charm ensures the minimum administrator credentials exist (as configured in charm configuration)

High availability

When more than one unit is deployed with the hacluster application the charm will bring up an HA active/active cluster.

There are two mutually exclusive high availability options: using virtual IP(s) or DNS. In both cases the hacluster subordinate charm is used to provide the Corosync and Pacemaker backend HA functionality.

See OpenStack high availability in the OpenStack Charms Deployment Guide for details.

TLS/HTTPS

Support for TLS and HTTPS endpoints can be enabled through configuration options.

To enable TLS and HTTPS endpoints with a certificate signed by your own Certificate Authority, set the following configuration options:

  • ssl_ca

  • ssl_cert

  • ssl_key

Example bundle usage:

keystone:
  charm: cs:keystone
  num_units: 1
  options:
    ssl_ca:   include-base64://path-to-PEM-formatted-ca-data
    ssl_cert: include-base64://path-to-PEM-formatted-certificate-data
    ssl_key:  include-base64://path-to-PEM-formatted-key-data

Note: If your certificate is signed by a Certificate Authority present in the CA Certificate Store in operating systems used in your deployment, you do not need to provide the ssl_ca configuration option.

Note: The include-base64 bundle keyword tells Juju to source a file and Base64 encode it before storing it as a configuration option value. The path can be absolute or relative to the location of the bundle file.

Spaces

This charm supports the use of Juju Network Spaces, allowing the charm to be bound to network space configurations managed directly by Juju. This is only supported with Juju 2.0 and above.

API endpoints can be bound to distinct network spaces supporting the network separation of public, internal and admin endpoints.

Access to the underlying MySQL instance can also be bound to a specific space using the shared-db relation.

To use this feature, use the --bind option when deploying the charm:

juju deploy keystone --bind \
   "public=public-space \
    internal=internal-space \
    admin=admin-space \
    shared-db=internal-space"

Alternatively, these can also be provided as part of a Juju native bundle configuration:

    keystone:
      charm: cs:xenial/keystone
      num_units: 1
      bindings:
        public: public-space
        admin: admin-space
        internal: internal-space
        shared-db: internal-space

NOTE: Spaces must be configured in the underlying provider prior to attempting to use them.

NOTE: Existing deployments using os\-\*-network configuration options will continue to function; these options are preferred over any network space binding provided if set.

Policy Overrides

Policy overrides is an advanced feature that allows an operator to override the default policy of an OpenStack service. The policies that the service supports, the defaults it implements in its code, and the defaults that a charm may include should all be clearly understood before proceeding.

Caution: It is possible to break the system (for tenants and other services) if policies are incorrectly applied to the service.

Policy statements are placed in a YAML file. This file (or files) is then (ZIP) compressed into a single file and used as an application resource. The override is then enabled via a Boolean charm option.

Here are the essential commands (filenames are arbitrary):

zip overrides.zip override-file.yaml
juju attach-resource keystone policyd-override=overrides.zip
juju config keystone use-policyd-override=true

See appendix Policy Overrides in the OpenStack Charms Deployment Guide for a thorough treatment of this feature.

Security Compliance config option "password-security-compliance"

The password-security-compliance configuration option sets the [security_compliance] section of Keystone's configuration file.

The configuration option is a YAML dictionary, that is one level deep, with the following keys (and value formats).

lockout_failure_attempts: <int>
lockout_duration: <int>
disable_user_account_days_inactive: <int>
change_password_upon_first_use: <boolean>
password_expires_days: <int>
password_regex: <string>
password_regex_description: <string>
unique_last_password_count: <int>
minimum_password_age: <int>

It can be set by placing the keys and values in a file and then using the Juju command:

juju config keystone --file path/to/config.yaml

Note that, in this, case the config.yaml file requires the YAML key password-security-compliance: with the desired config keys and values on the following lines, indented for a dictionary.

Note: Please ensure that the page Security compliance and PCI-DSS is consulted before setting these option.

The charm will protect service accounts (accounts requested by other units that are in the service domain) against being forced to change their password. Operators should also ensure that any other accounts are protected as per the above referenced note.

If the config value cannot be parsed as YAML and/or the options are not able to be parsed as their indicated types then the charm will enter a blocked state until the config value is changed.

Token Support

As the keystone charm supports multiple releases of the OpenStack software, it also supports two Keystone token systems: UUID and Fernet. The capabilities are:

  • pre 'ocata': UUID tokens only.
  • ocata and pike: UUID or Fernet tokens, configured via the 'token-provider' configuration parameter.
  • rocky and later: Fernet tokens only.

Fernet tokens were added to OpenStack to solve the problem of Keystone being required to persist tokens to a common database (cluster) like UUID tokens, and solve the problem of size for PKI or PKIZ tokens.

For further information, please see Fernet - Frequently Asked Questions.

Theory of Operation

Fernet keys are used to generate tokens; they are generated by Keystone and have an expiration date. The key repository is a directory, and each key is an integer number, with the highest number being the primary key. Key '0' is the staged key, that will be the next primary. Other keys are secondary keys.

New tokens are only ever generated from the primary key, whilst the secondary keys are used to validate existing tokens. The staging key is not used to generate tokens but can be used to validate tokens as the staging key might be the new primary key on the master due to a rotation and the keys have not yet been synchronised across all the units.

Fernet keys need to be rotated at periodic intervals, and the keys need to be synchronised to each of the other keystone units. Keys should only be rotated on the master keystone unit and must be synchronised before they are rotated again. Over rotation occurs if a unit rotates its keys such that there is no suitable decoding key on another unit that can decode a token that has been generated on the master. This happens if two key rotations are done on the master before a synchronisation has been successfully performed. This should be avoided. Over rotations can also cause validation keys to be removed before a token's expiration which would result in failed validations.

There are 3 parts to the Key Rotation Strategy:

  1. The rotation frequency
  2. The token lifespan
  3. The number of active keys

There needs to be at least 3 keys as a minimum. The actual number of keys is determined by the token lifespan and the rotation frequency. The max_active_keys must be one greater than the token lifespan / rotation frequency

To quote from the FAQ:

    The number of max_active_keys for a deployment can be determined by
    dividing the token lifetime, in hours, by the frequency of rotation in
    hours and adding two. Better illustrated as:

Configuring Key Lifetime

In the keystone charm, the rotation frequency is calculated automatically from the token-expiration and the fernet-max-active-keys configuration parameters. For example, with an expiration of 24 hours and 6 active keys, the rotation frequency is calculated as:

token_expiration = 24   # actually 3600, as it's in seconds
max_active_keys = 6
rotation_frequency = token_expiration / (max_active_keys - 2)

Thus, the fernet-max-active-keys can never be less than 3 (which is enforced in the charm), which would make the rotation frequency the same as the token expiration time.

NOTE: To increase the rotation frequency, either increase fernet-max-active-keys or reduce token-expiration, and, to decrease rotation frequency, do the opposite.

NOTE: If the configuration parameters are used to significantly reduce the key lifetime, then it is possible to over-rotate the verification keys such that services will hold tokens that cannot be verified but haven't yet expired. This should be avoided by only making small changes and verifying that current tokens will still be able to be verified. In particular, fernet-max-active-keys affects the rotation time.

Upgrades

When an older keystone charm is upgraded to this version, NO change will occur to the token system. That is, an ocata system will continue to use UUID tokens. In order to change the token system to Fernet, change the token-provider configuration item to fernet. This will switch the token system over. There may be a small outage in the control plane, but the running instances will be unaffected.

Bugs

Please report bugs on Launchpad.

For general charm questions refer to the OpenStack Charm Guide.

Configuration

action-managed-upgrade
(boolean) If True enables openstack upgrades for this charm via juju actions. You will still need to set openstack-origin to the new repository but instead of an upgrade running automatically across all units, it will wait for you to execute the openstack-upgrade action for this charm on each unit. If False it will revert to existing behavior of upgrading all units on config change.
admin-password
(string) Admin password. To be used *for testing only*. Randomly generated by default. To retreive generated password, juju run --unit keystone/0 leader-get admin_passwd
None
admin-port
(int) Port the bind the Admin API server to.
35357
admin-role
(string) Admin role to be associated with admin and service users.
Admin
admin-user
(string) Default admin user to create and manage.
admin
assignment-backend
(string) Keystone assignment backend, valid options are sql, ldap. . [DEPRECATED] this option should no longer be used to configure ldap. Instead the cs:keystone-ldap subordinate charm should be used to configure ldap backends. This option will be removed in the next release.
sql
database
(string) Keystone database name.
keystone
database-user
(string) Username used for connecting to the Keystone database.
keystone
debug
(boolean) Enable debug logging.
dns-ha
(boolean) Use DNS HA with MAAS 2.0. Note if this is set do not set vip settings below.
fernet-max-active-keys
(int) This is the maximum number of active keys when `token-provider` is set to "fernet". If has a minimum of 3, which includes the spare and staging keys. When set to 3, the rotation time for the keys is the same as the token expiration time. When set to a higher value, the rotation time is less than the `token-expiration` time as calculated by: . rotation-time = token-expiration / (fernet-max-active-keys - 2) . Please see the charm documentation for further details about how to use the Fernet token parameters to achieve a key strategy appropriate for the system in question.
3
ha-bindiface
(string) Default network interface on which HA cluster will bind to communication with the other members of the HA Cluster.
eth0
ha-mcastport
(int) Default multicast port number that will be used to communicate between HA Cluster nodes.
5434
haproxy-client-timeout
(int) Client timeout configuration in ms for haproxy, used in HA configurations. If not provided, default value of 90000ms is used.
haproxy-connect-timeout
(int) Connect timeout configuration in ms for haproxy, used in HA configurations. If not provided, default value of 9000ms is used.
haproxy-queue-timeout
(int) Queue timeout configuration in ms for haproxy, used in HA configurations. If not provided, default value of 9000ms is used.
haproxy-server-timeout
(int) Server timeout configuration in ms for haproxy, used in HA configurations. If not provided, default value of 90000ms is used.
harden
(string) Apply system hardening. Supports a space-delimited list of modules to run. Supported modules currently include os, ssh, apache and mysql.
identity-backend
(string) Keystone identity backend, valid options are: sql, ldap, pam. . NOTE: this option should no longer be used to configure ldap. Instead the cs:keystone-ldap subordinate charm should be used to configure ldap backends.
sql
keystone-admin-role
(string) Role that allows admin operations (access to all operations).
Admin
keystone-service-admin-role
(string) Role that allows acting as service admin.
KeystoneServiceAdmin
ldap-config-flags
(string) Comma-separated options for ldap configuration. . [DEPRECATED] this option should no longer be used to configure ldap. Instead the cs:keystone-ldap subordinate charm should be used to configure ldap backends. This option will be removed in the next release.
None
ldap-password
(string) Password of the ldap identity server. . [DEPRECATED] this option should no longer be used to configure ldap. Instead the cs:keystone-ldap subordinate charm should be used to configure ldap backends. This option will be removed in the next release.
None
ldap-readonly
(boolean) Ldap identity server backend readonly to keystone. . [DEPRECATED] this option should no longer be used to configure ldap. Instead the cs:keystone-ldap subordinate charm should be used to configure ldap backends. This option will be removed in the next release.
True
ldap-server
(string) Ldap server address for keystone identity backend. . [DEPRECATED] this option should no longer be used to configure ldap. Instead the cs:keystone-ldap subordinate charm should be used to configure ldap backends. This option will be removed in the next release.
None
ldap-suffix
(string) Ldap server suffix to be used by keystone. . [DEPRECATED] this option should no longer be used to configure ldap. Instead the cs:keystone-ldap subordinate charm should be used to configure ldap backends. This option will be removed in the next release.
None
ldap-user
(string) Username of the ldap identity server. . [DEPRECATED] this option should no longer be used to configure ldap. Instead the cs:keystone-ldap subordinate charm should be used to configure ldap backends. This option will be removed in the next release.
None
log-level
(string) Log level (WARNING, INFO, DEBUG, ERROR)
WARNING
nagios_context
(string) Used by the nrpe-external-master subordinate charm. A string that will be prepended to instance name to set the host name in nagios. So for instance the hostname would be something like 'juju-myservice-0'. If you are running multiple environments with the same services in them this allows you to differentiate between them.
juju
nagios_servicegroups
(string) A comma-separated list of nagios servicegroups. If left empty, the nagios_context will be used as the servicegroup
openstack-origin
(string) Repository from which to install. May be one of the following: distro (default), ppa:somecustom/ppa, a deb url sources entry, or a supported Ubuntu Cloud Archive e.g. . cloud:<series>-<openstack-release> cloud:<series>-<openstack-release>/updates cloud:<series>-<openstack-release>/staging cloud:<series>-<openstack-release>/proposed . See https://wiki.ubuntu.com/OpenStack/CloudArchive for info on which cloud archives are available and supported. . NOTE: updating this setting to a source that is known to provide a later version of OpenStack will trigger a software upgrade unless action-managed-upgrade is set to True. NOTE: a corresponding public key from keyserver.ubuntu.com can be used when specifying a repository by appending the key separated by a | when entering the deb url sources entry, i.e. openstack-origin="deb <DEB URL>|<PUB KEY>"
distro
os-admin-hostname
(string) The hostname or address of the admin endpoints created for keystone in the keystone identity provider (itself). . This value will be used for admin endpoints. For example, an os-admin-hostname set to 'keystone.admin.example.com' with ssl enabled will create a admin endpoint for keystone as: . https://keystone.admin.example.com:5000/v2.0
os-admin-network
(string) The IP address and netmask of the OpenStack Admin network (e.g. 192.168.0.0/24) . This network will be used for admin endpoints.
os-internal-hostname
(string) The hostname or address of the internal endpoints created for keystone in the keystone identity provider (itself). . This value will be used for internal endpoints. For example, an os-internal-hostname set to 'keystone.internal.example.com' with ssl enabled will create a internal endpoint for keystone as: . https://keystone.internal.example.com:5000/v2.0
os-internal-network
(string) The IP address and netmask of the OpenStack Internal network (e.g. 192.168.0.0/24) . This network will be used for internal endpoints.
os-public-hostname
(string) The hostname or address of the public endpoints created for keystone in the keystone identity provider (itself). . This value will be used for public endpoints. For example, an os-public-hostname set to 'keystone.example.com' with ssl enabled will create a public endpoint for keystone as: . https://keystone.example.com:5000/v2.0
os-public-network
(string) The IP address and netmask of the OpenStack Public network (e.g. 192.168.0.0/24) . This network will be used for public endpoints.
password-security-compliance
(string) This config item, if set, is used to configure the [security_compliance] section of the keystone.conf file. This is used to control how the security around passwords is manged. Please refer to the charm README for full details. . The config item should be a YAML complaint string that sets the various allowed options in [security_compliance]. The settings are checked by the charm, but it's possible that it may break things unexpectedly. Please ensure that the the README and relevant documentation is consulted before setting this configuration option.
prefer-ipv6
(boolean) If True enables IPv6 support. The charm will expect network interfaces to be configured with an IPv6 address. If set to False (default) IPv4 is expected. . NOTE: these charms do not currently support IPv6 privacy extension. In order for this charm to function correctly, the privacy extension must be disabled and a non-temporary address must be configured/available on your network interface.
preferred-api-version
(int) Use this keystone api version for keystone endpoints and advertise this version to identity client charms. For OpenStack releases < Queens this option defaults to 2; for Queens or later it defaults to 3.
region
(string) Space-separated list of Openstack regions.
RegionOne
service-admin-prefix
(string) When service relations are joined they provide a name used to create a service admin_username in keystone. The name used may be too crude for some situations e.g. pre-populated LDAP identity backend. If set, this option will be prepended to each service admin_username.
service-port
(int) Port the bind the API server to.
5000
service-tenant
(string) Name of tenant to associate service credentials.
services
ssl_ca
(string) base64-encoded SSL CA to use with the certificate and key provided - this is only required if you are providing a privately signed ssl_cert and ssl_key.
ssl_cert
(string) base64-encoded SSL certificate to install and use for API ports. Setting this value and ssl_key will enable reverse proxying, point Keystone's entry in the Keystone catalog to use https, and override any certificate and key issued by Keystone (if it is configured to do so).
ssl_key
(string) base64-encoded SSL key to use with certificate specified as ssl_cert.
token-expiration
(int) Amount of time (in seconds) a token should remain valid.
3600
token-provider
(string) Transitional configuration option to enable migration to Fernet tokens prior to upgrade to OpenStack Rocky. . Supported values are 'uuid' and 'fernet'. . NOTE: This configuration option is honoured on OpenStack versions Ocata through Queens. For OpenStack Rocky it is a unconfigurable default. Silently ignored for all other versions.
use-policyd-override
(boolean) If True then use the resource file named 'policyd-override' to install override YAML files in the service's policy.d directory. The resource file should be a ZIP file containing at least one yaml file with a .yaml or .yml extension. If False then remove the overrides.
use-syslog
(boolean) Setting this to True will allow supporting services to log to syslog.
verbose
(boolean) Enable verbose logging.
vip
(string) Virtual IP(s) to use to front API services in HA configuration. . If multiple networks are being used, a VIP should be provided for each network, separated by spaces.
vip_cidr
(int) Default CIDR netmask to use for HA vip when it cannot be automatically determined.
24
vip_iface
(string) Default network interface to use for HA vip when it cannot be automatically determined.
eth0
worker-multiplier
(float) The CPU core multiplier to use when configuring worker processes for Keystone. By default, the number of workers for each daemon is set to twice the number of CPU cores a service unit has. When deployed in a LXD container, this default value will be capped to 4 workers unless this configuration option is set.